These differences between breeds were not observed in the long bones of the feet, metacarpals and metatarsals. These bones from the pit bulls absorbed 1.9-2.6-fold more energy before failure than did those of the greyhounds. The stiffness of the tissue of the humerus, radius, femur and tibia was 1.5-2.4-fold greater in the greyhounds than in the pit bulls. The pit bulls exhibited lower stresses at yield, had lower elastic moduli and failed at much higher levels of work. The proximal limb bones of the pit bulls differed from those of the greyhounds in having relatively larger second moments of area of mid-diaphyseal cross sections and in having more circular cross-sectional shape. To correct for the effect of shear, we estimated the shear stress in the cross section and added energy due to shear stress to the tensile energy. ![]() The bones were loaded to fracture in three-point static bending. Here, we test an hypothesis of functional trade-off in limb bones by measuring mechanical properties of limb bones in two breeds of domestic dog ( Canis lupus familiaris L.) that have undergone intense artificial selection for running (greyhound) and fighting (pit bull) performance. The physical demands of rapid and economical running differ from the demands of fighting in ways that may prevent the simultaneous evolution of optimal performance in these two behaviors.
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